Life Cycle Analysis Unwrapped: Part 3

Introduction

This is the third and final part of our Life Cycle Analysis Unwrapped series To support fact-based decision-making and avoid greenwashing, companies should consider asking their suppliers the following key questions regarding their Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) reports:

General Transparency and Credibility

1. Are the LCA results independently verified?
   Look for third-party verification to ensure the data's authenticity and credibility.
   
   
2. Does the LCA adhere to established standards?
   Ask if the LCA follows ISO 14040/14044 or other recognised frameworks like PEFCR (Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules).
   
   
3. Who conducted the LCA?
   Ensure it was performed by qualified professionals or accredited organisations.
   
   
4. Is the report comprehensive?
   Confirm that it covers all life cycle stages: upstream, core (manufacturing), and downstream (use and disposal).

Data Scope and Reliability

1. What type of data was used — primary or secondary?
   Primary data (collected from the supplier’s processes) is more reliable than generic, secondary data.
   
   
2. Are any assumptions or caveats in the report clearly stated?
   Ask about data gaps or assumptions and how they may impact the results.
   
   
3. Does the LCA consider all relevant impact categories?
   Look for metrics beyond carbon emissions, such as water usage, energy consumption, and waste generation.

Specific Life Cycle Stages

1. What measures are taken during raw material extraction?
   Ask how sustainability is ensured at the sourcing stage, including traceability and ethical considerations.
   
   
2. How is energy efficiency addressed during manufacturing?
   Explore whether renewable energy sources or energy-saving technologies are utilised.
   
   
3. What is the carbon footprint of transportation?
   Check if the report includes logistics optimisation to reduce emissions.
   
   
4. How recyclable or reusable is the product at the end of its life?
   Ensure that the product is designed for recovery, recycling, or reuse, minimising waste.

Comparisons and Context

1. How does the LCA compare to other materials or industry benchmarks?
   Ask for comparative insights to understand the product’s performance relative to alternatives.
   
   
2. How often is the LCA updated?
   A living LCA, regularly reviewed and revised, ensures that it reflects current practices and improvements.

Avoiding Greenwashing

1. Can you provide evidence for sustainability claims?
   Ensure the supplier provides verifiable data rather than relying solely on marketing statements.
   
   
2. Are specific improvements outlined based on the LCA findings?
   Ask how the supplier is using the LCA results to reduce their environmental impact over time.

Together, with all supply chain members, clients, and customers, we can shape a more sustainable future — one thoughtful step at a time.